Uso de metodologias de modelos mistos no melhoramento genético em progênies de Physalis ixocarpa brot. visando incrementar a produção de frutos

Abstract

The species Physalis ixocarpa Brot., “tomate de cáscara”, is native to Mexico and has great potential in the agroindustry, and can even be a substitute for tomatoes. Due to the need for the generation of hybrids or cultivars, in this study, progenies with high yields were sought, seeking to establish the culture in the Northeast region of Brazil. In the first part, promising P. ixocarpa progenies were selected from a population of 15 half-sib progenies, belonging to the UEFS Forest Garden, aiming to increase productivity. For this, the “REML-BLUP” methodology of mixed models was used, with the aid of different multivariate techniques, such as the study of correlations, clustering techniques, principal components and selection indices. Thus, the 98R, 173V, 92V, 189R and 128R progenies were selected. In the second part, crosses were performed between these selected progenies via a 3 x 2 partial diallel scheme; considering the previous study of genetic divergence, aiming to increase heterosis and fixation of favorable alleles. Selection strategies for F1 populations of P. ixocarpa were investigated, considering the study of combining ability, heterosis, phenotypic correlations, path analysis and selection indices. Parents 92V and 173V stood out, due to the high values ​​of CGC. Despite not having found significance for SCC, heterosis was found for the descriptors fruit production and number of fruits per plant in hybrids PI02 and PI05, therefore they are recommended to increase population productivity. However, through the selection indexes, the following progenies were selected: PI02, PI04, PI05, 92V and 173V, as base population for the following stages of improvement.