Cultivo in vitro de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T. D. Penn: aspectos morfológicos, bioquímicos e fitoquímicos

Abstract

Sideroxylon obtusifolium is a fruit-bearing plant belonging to the Sapotaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in an ethnopharmacological manner. This study aimed to establish in vitro culture and morphogenesis of the species popularly known as quixabeira. The seeds were disinfested using different chemical agents for varying durations. Subsequently, the immersion time in sodium hypochlorite was evaluated. In order to assess the composition of the germination medium, MS ½ and WPM were tested, with and without the addition of activated charcoal. The effect of gibberellic acid on germination was also evaluated. For morphogenesis, the percentage of explants responsive to shoot and callus formation under the influence of BAP combined with NAA in nodal and hypocotyl segments was assessed, along with the effect of BAP on shoot formation in apical segments. The content of reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, proteins, and amino acids was determined, and phytochemical screening was performed on callus tissues. The results indicated that 2% hypochlorite for 25 minutes is effective for seed asepsis. The most suitable germination medium was WPM containing charcoal, and gibberellic acid had no influence. The addition of 2 μM BAP enabled shoot formation in nodal segments. Callus formation in nodal segments was observed using 1 μM NAA, and in hypocotyls with the combination of 4 μM BAP and 2 μM NAA. Biochemical quantification revealed a high content of total soluble sugar, and phytochemical analysis detected the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, and saponins.