Distritos industriais, desconcentração econômica e espacial: uma análise do Distrito Industrial do Subaé

Abstract

Theories of spatial location help us to understand what are the factors that lead companies to settle (or locate) in a given geographical space. In other words, they help us to identify the theoretical issues that, in some way, affect the behavior of industries when making a decision to settle in a space, thus establishing the determinants of these decisions. In this direction, the objective of this dissertation is to understand how the theories of spatial and industrial location were important in the industrial spatialization and economic deconcentration of the State of Bahia, with a special focus on the Subaé Industrial District, in the city of Feira de Santana. Here, we consider the following authors of theories of spatial and industrial location for the theoretical support of the debate and analyzes: Von Thunen, Weber, Christaller, Losch, Perroux and Marshall, who brought significant contributions to the study of location, establishing the factors that lead industries to settle in certain places instead of others and seeking to establish connections with the policy of industrial districts designed and implemented by the State of Bahia since the middle of the last century. In addition to the theoretical and conceptual review, interviews were conducted with questions directed to the managers of the Industrial District of Subaé to examine the composition of the companies that make up the CIS and understand the relationships that this Industrial Center establishes with the local economy. This is a qualitative, explanatory and intensive study that brings contributions to the discussions that have already been carried out in the field of studies of industrial location theory, in addition to offering an update of data for the Subaé Industrial District. It was inferred that the Subaé industrial district is undergoing transformations in its role within the city of Feira de Santana. As results obtained, it was inferred that the Feira de Santana Industrial Center promoted a partial spatial and economic deconcentration, or concentrated deconcentration in which few industries concentrate most of the investiments in a regional development model tha shows signs of exhaustion and that threatens the future of the municipality´s industry.