Investigating barriers faced by women in the software industry: a gray literature study

Abstract

Context. In the fast-paced environment of the digital age, the software industry is fundamental in fostering innovation and progress. However, despite its relevance, the sector faces a constant challenge: gender inequality. Although women have historically contributed significantly, their presence in technology development environments remains disproportionately low, reflecting systemic barriers and biases that prevent their full participation. Objective. Aware of the urgent need to address the issue of gender diversity in the software industry, this study aims to identify and analyze, based on everyday descriptions found in the grey literature, the barriers faced by women in the ICT field. To achieve this objective, we intend to (i) analyze the gender barriers faced by women in software project work environments; (ii) reveal the effects that these barriers have on women; (iii) identify possible solutions suggested by women to make the software industry a more accessible environment for them; and (iv) organize the body of knowledge composed of barriers, effects, and solutions. Method. We chose gray literature because it provides a crucial, detailed, and current perspective on several research areas, bringing to light unique insights and viewpoints that are often missing from traditional sources. We considered the following online communities for software developers: DEV and InfoQ. The search strategy was divided into four steps: data extraction, coding, translation of codes into themes, and discussion. Our data extraction used search strings in English. Coding was done manually, identifying labels and then using the generated labels, defining specific themes for analysis and discussion. Results. Throughout the research, 44 articles from DEV and 18 from InfoQ were analyzed, revealing several barriers faced by women in the technology professional environment. Toxic male dominance, along with sexism, prejudice, stereotypes, pay gaps, and aggression, have serious and often irreversible consequences for these professionals. Many women in the industry feel powerless, undervalued, and exhausted, experiencing forced and disrespectful professional development that can radically change their career aspirations. We also identified that impostor syndrome, pain, the need to adopt a masculine posture to be accepted, and emotional exhaustion are effects that women face due to these barriers. To mitigate these obstacles, several strategies were recommended: ensuring the presence of mentors within the company, maintaining control over their skills and not allowing biases to influence their performance, ignoring threats, and negotiating salaries to obtain recognition and appreciation in the workplace. This study is a call to action to transcend complacency and address i the deeply rooted inequalities in the software industry. By fostering a cul