Análise geossistêmica com base na geotecnologias do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina - BA

Abstract

The dissertation work carried out a cartography of the geosystems of the Chapada Diamantina National Park - Bahia, based on geotechnology; Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The idea of mapping the Park area under the concept of geosystems is justified based on the analysis of environments from Bertrand's geosystemic theoretical perspective, in which the geosystem is a triad formed by ecological potential, biological exploration and anthropic action. As an initial step, we sought to collect general information about the Chapada Diamantina region and environmental and historical data about the park; printed maps, digital and literature databases, for their characterization. A theoretical reflection was carried out on the main integrated and systemic conceptions of the landscape through a literature review, to understand the contribution of the main theorists. The theoretical foundation also included a discussion on the use of geotechnologies in integrated environmental studies. The methodology was based on the use of geotechnology tools and procedures, initially with the organization of a georeferenced database containing vector and matrix files, CBERS 4A satellite images, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) (COPERNICUS) and vegetation index NDVI. Thematic data was extracted from products derived from DEM such as; aspect, roughness and altimetry. They were used to assist in the interpretation and manual vectorization of relief units. The synthesis map identified 5 geosystems on an analytical scale of 1:250,000. With a view to contributing to sustainable management plan actions for the PNCD. Therefore, the need for continued research is highlighted, given that within the identified geosystems, there are physiological processes of greater topographical detail that are important for understanding how elementary systems relate to each other and form the dynamic whole of the landscape. The Chapada Diamantina National Park urgently demands standardization of its use, aligned with sustainable and socio-economically inclusive practices.