Produção, caracterização estrutural e avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva de polissacarídeos obtidos de Sporidiobolus ruineniae

Abstract

Bahia's semi-arid region features a wide diversity of microorganisms with potential for prospecting biotechnology. Pharmaceutical, food, textiles, among others industries, have been using polysaccharides of microbial origin for various functions such as the production of antibiotics, chemicals and dietary supplements, for the manufacture of fabrics, among others. Hence, this study aimed to produce and characterize the chemical structure, optimize production and evaluate the antinociceptive activity of polysaccharides obtained from the yeast Sporidiobolus ruineniae. Two types of polysaccharides were obtained from different methodologies applied to the studied microorganism: the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS Sporidiobolus ruineniae) and structural cell wall polysaccharide (PEPC Sporidiobolus ruineniae). The EPS Sporidiobolus ruineniae was recovered from the supernatant of the fermentation broth and PEPC Sporidiobolus ruineniae was extracted from the cells which make up the pellet material. The two types of polysaccharides were subjected to alkaline extraction (NaOH) for the separation of their soluble and insoluble fractions in alkali. The soluble fractions were selected for further study. The yield of the soluble fraction was 91% for EPS Sporidiobolus ruineniae and 20.75% for the PEPC Sporidiobolus ruineniae. The characterizations of the molecular structures revealed the presence of glucose and mannose units in the two polysaccharides. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed characteristic sign of β-glucan in PEPC Sporidiobolus ruineniae. For optimization of the extraction of two types of polysaccharides, the experimental Doehlert matrix was used. To evaluate the antinociceptive activity, three experimental models of nociception (abdominal writhing test, the formalin test and tail-immersion test) were performed. The analyzes performed in this study revealed that the biopolymers extracted from Sporidiobolus ruineniae yeast showed peripheral antinociceptive action, being able to be considered biologically active substances of pharmaceutical importance. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the chemical structure and to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of polysaccharides in their antinociceptive activity.